The tower crane's base is generally bolted to a large concrete pad that provides really necessary support. The base is attached to a tower or a mast and stabilizes the crane which is attached to the inside of the structure of the building. Normally, this attachment point is to an elevator shaft or to a concrete lift.
Usually, the mast is a triangulated lattice structure measuring 0.9m2 or 10 feet square. The slewing unit is attached to the very top of the mast. The slewing unit consists of a gear and a motor that allows the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet. The maximum lifting capacity of a tower crane is 16,642 kilograms or 39,690 lbs. with counter weights of 20 tons. Additionally, two limit switches are utilized in order to ensure the driver does not overload the crane. There is also another safety feature referred to as a load moment switch to make sure that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 230 feet or 70 meters.
Due to their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure will first have to be transported to the construction site by utilizing a big tractor-trailer rig setup. After that, a mobile crane is used in order to assemble the equipment part of the crane and the jib. Then, these parts are attached to the mast. Next, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes can be some of the other industrial machines which is utilized to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane when the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane is able to match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is known as a climbing frame or a top climber which fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an additional 20 feet or 6.1m. After that, the crane driver uses the crane to insert and bolt into place another mast section piece.